Radio frequency identification scanning using the internet of things

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the technology described herein provide a system for an improved inventory system using RFID information. A first user device may initiate a team scanning session and a second user device may join the team scanning session. RFID scan data received by each of the first user device and the second user device may be filtered, aggregated, and sent to an inventory system using a first IoT topic. An inventory list for the team scanning session may be updated with the information provided by each of the first and second user devices and published to each of the user devices using a second IoT topic. Additional RFID scan data received by each user device may trigger an indication to the user that a particular RFID scan data had not yet been scanned during the team scanning session.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application, having attorney docket number 340389/18034US02 andentitled “Radio Frequency Identification Scanning Using the Internet ofThings,” claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/829,892, filed Apr. 5, 2019, and entitled, “Radio FrequencyIdentification Scanning Using the Internet of Things,” the entirety ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure is related to tracking inventory using Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID).

BACKGROUND

Consumers often desire to know whether a particular item is in stock ata particular retail location before visiting that location. Amanufacturer's ability to answer this question depends on accurate andup-to-date inventory data across its supply chain. If inventory data isinaccurate or outdated, the consumer may be forced to visit numerousretail locations in an effort to find the desired item. This has anegative impact on the consumer experience. Inaccurate and outdatedinventory data can also have a negative impact on the manufacturer'soperations throughout the supply chain network.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the detaileddescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used in isolation as an aid in determining the scope of the claimedsubject matter.

The technology described herein improves a consumer's shoppingexperience by leveraging granular, low-latency inventory data to informthe consumer whether a desired item is in stock at a particular retaillocation at a particular time. Such information is provided with a highdegree of accuracy. This alleviates the inconvenience of visiting orcalling multiple retail stores to ask whether the desired item is instock.

For example, a consumer may be shopping for a new pair of shoes. Theconsumer may wish to purchase the shoes in person at a retail store (asopposed to online) for any number of reasons. He may be interested in anew style and may want to see the shoes in person and try them on beforepurchasing, for example. Or the consumer's interest may be sparked bysomething he sees in the course of his daily activities. He might noticethat someone walking down the street is wearing a pair of shoes that helikes, or he might see an advertisement on a billboard or in a magazineduring a commute, and he may wish to see the shoes in person right away.In any event, the consumer may desire to know which local retailerscarry the style in his desired color and size at that particular momentin time. A list of local retailers that have the particular item instock may be communicated to the consumer through a mobile app, such asa mobile app provided by a manufacturer of the shoe. The mobile app mayfacilitate any number of additional actions, such as putting the item onhold, scheduling a pick-up time, or navigating to one of the retailers.In the example of a consumer whose interest is piqued while walking downthe street or during a commute, the app may allow him to put the shoeson hold at a nearby store (either near a current location or along aroute to a destination) and direct him there so that he can see, andpotentially purchase, the shoes without delay.

This enhanced consumer experience is driven by granular, low-latencyinventory data. The data is granular, because it pertains to a specificitem (e.g., style, color, size) at a specific location, and it islow-latency, because it reflects the specific location's inventory inreal time or near real time. The data must also be accurate to avoidmistakenly telling a consumer that a specific item is in stock at aspecific location when, in fact, it is not.

To obtain inventory data that is granular, current, and accurate, anexemplary system leverages RFID technology and aspects of the Internetof Things (IoT) architecture. Among other things, the system may enablefaster and more frequent inventory counts across a network of retaillocations to provide a comprehensive inventory picture at any givenpoint in time. At a high level, an inventory count may be performed at aretail location by one or more retailer employees utilizing RFIDscanners that are communicatively coupled to employee devices (e.g.,smartphones). An employee at a retail store location may begin ascanning session by utilizing a scanner to scan RFID tags that areattached to each item in the store. An RFID scanner can quickly readsignals from many tags located within about twenty feet of the scanner,so this task may be accomplished in a short amount of time, particularlywhen multiple employees are working together. An employee device mayreceive the scan data from the scanner, filter item identification codesfrom the vast amount of data collected by the scanner, and then bundlethe codes into a group message that is sent, using an IoT protocol, toone or more backend servers that perform inventory management functions(e.g., servers controlled by the manufacturer). Location data may alsobe included in the message to reflect the specific retail storelocation, as well as whether a particular inventory item is on the salesfloor or in the stockroom. Other employees may join the scanning sessionand may similarly use scanners and employee devices to scan, filter, andbundle item identification codes into a message that is sent via the IoTprotocol to the backend servers. As will be discussed in more detailbelow, the use of the IoT protocol in this context facilitates fast,streamlined communications between multiple employee devices andmultiple backend servers.

The backend servers may reconcile the data received from the employeedevices (e.g., filter out duplicate scans performed by multipleemployees) and compile a current, comprehensive list of each item in thestore's inventory. The item identification code data may also besupplemented with enriched product information, such as the style, size,and color of each item, to provide a user-friendly picture of thestore's inventory. The backend servers may share the comprehensiveinventory list (which may include the enriched product information) backto each employee device so that each employee device has a currentinventory list that reflects the scanning performed by all of theemployees. The communications between the employee devices and thebackend servers may occur in near real time, such that the employeedevices receive continuously updated inventory data throughout thescanning session.

Using conventional technology, a full inventory count at just one storemay take hundreds of labor hours, thus making it impractical for a storeto perform inventory counts more than once or twice per year. In thisinstance, inventory data may become inaccurate due to product loss,theft, or accounting errors. By contrast, the technology describedherein may enable a store to perform a full inventory count in less than10 labor hours, thus enabling weekly (or even more frequent) inventorycounts and ensuring that inventory data is current.

The granular, current, and accurate inventory data collected in theexemplary manner described above improves the consumer experience in anumber of ways. For example, as in the scenario described at the outsetof this summary, this inventory data may be used to tell a consumerwhether a desired item is in stock at a particular retail location at aparticular time. The experience of consumers who are already at aparticular retail location is also improved. For example, retaileremployees are better able to assist customers when the employees havecurrent, comprehensive inventory data. This allows an employee toquickly tell a customer whether a particular style, size, and color isin stock, either on the sales floor or in the stockroom. Additionally,because the inventory data includes specific location information (e.g.,sales floor vs. stockroom), it may be determined that there are productsin the stockroom that are not currently represented on the sales floor,and corrective action may be taken.

The enhanced inventory data described herein may be gathered andmaintained by a manufacturer, and the manufacturer may leverage the datato not only provide the customer experience improvements describedabove, but also to improve the manufacturer's inventory management andoverall operations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the technology described in the present application aredescribed in detail below with reference to the attached drawingfigures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing environment suitablefor implementing aspects of the technology described herein;

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example computing architecture suitablefor implementing aspects of the technology described herein;

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example computing architecture suitablefor implementing aspects of the technology described herein;

FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example computing architecture suitablefor implementing aspects of the technology described herein;

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of an exemplary method for conducting ateam scanning session, in accordance with aspects of the technologydescribed herein;

FIG. 6 depicts a flow diagram of a method for communicating inventoryinformation, in accordance with aspects of the technology describedherein;

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate exemplary user interfaces that may be displayedby a user device in accordance with aspects of the technology describedherein;

FIG. 8 illustrates a series of exemplary interactions in a retailcontext, in accordance with aspects of the technology described herein;and

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing environment suitablefor implementing aspects of the technology described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technology of the present disclosure is described with specificityherein to meet statutory requirements. However, the description itselfis not intended to limit the scope of this patent. Rather, the inventorshave contemplated that the claimed subject matter might also beimplemented in other ways, to include different steps or combinations ofsteps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunctionwith other present or future technologies. Moreover, although the terms“step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connote different elementsof methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying anyparticular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unlessand except when the order of individual steps is explicitly described.

The technology described herein provides for the collection andmaintenance of granular, low-latency inventory data throughout a supplychain network. Such data may be leveraged to enhance a consumer'sshopping experience, as well as to improve inventory management andoverall operations throughout the supply chain.

An exemplary system uses RFID technology and aspects of the IoTarchitecture to enable faster and more frequent inventory counts acrossa network of retail locations. In such a system, an RFID tag may becoupled to each inventory item (e.g., the tags may be attached by themanufacturer or another entity in the supply chain before the product isshipped to the retail location). An employee may scan the RFID tagsusing a handheld RFID scanning device that is communicatively coupled toa user device (e.g., smartphone) operated by the employee. Because RFIDtags do not require strict line of sight to be read, the employee neednot shuffle items around in order to scan them (e.g., the employee neednot move one item in order to access another item that is behind it).Instead, the employee can quickly scan all items located within acertain proximity of the scanner (e.g., twenty feet). Scan data receivedfrom a plurality of the RFID tags may be filtered by the user devicebefore being communicated to one or more backend computing systems(e.g., servers that are controlled by a manufacturer and that performinventory management functions). The scan data may be filtered atvarious levels of granularity in order to accomplish various inventoryoutcomes. For example, in a first aspect, a business may desire to havebinary inventory information, that is, a determination of whether aproduct is present or not. Using location information, the presence ofan item of that product could equate to an in-stock status (e.g., if theitem is in a storeroom) or an on-display status (e.g., if the item is ondisplay). In such a binary inventory aspect, the system may filter anitem of the same product type and in the same location as a previouslyscanned item. As a result of a greater amount of information beingfiltered out, the system may consume less bandwidth in communicatingbetween the user device and the one or more backend computing systems.In a second aspect, a business may desire to have complete inventoryinformation, that is, a determination of how many distinct items arepresent in a location. In this instance, the system would not filter outan item that is the same product type as a previously scanned item.However, the system may filter out duplicate codes for the same item toensure that the same distinct item is not counted more than once.

The filtered and aggregated scan data may be sent to one or more backendcomputing systems using an IoT protocol, such as Message Query TelemetryTransport (MQTT). This provides numerous advantages. First, IoTprotocols, such as the MQTT protocol are an efficient means forcommunicating limited information in low-bandwidth applications. Thesystem described herein benefits from the use of such a protocol,because it avoids difficulties that come with bandwidth-intensecommunications and facilitates processing and communicating inventorydata in a quick and efficient manner. Furthermore, pursuant to the IoTprotocol, a first IoT topic may be used for communications from userdevices to backend computing systems (e.g., “subscribed information”),and a second IoT topic may be used for communications from the backendcomputing systems to the user devices (e.g., “published information”).Sending the aggregated scan data to a single IoT topic for the backendcomputing systems avoids complications in communication between userdevices and backend computing systems, particularly when more than oneuser device is being used to complete the inventory. Additionally, usingtwo different IoT topics for subscribed and published information avoidsconfusion between information flowing from the user devices to thebackend computing systems and information flowing in the oppositedirection.

The aggregated data communicated to the backend computing systems mayalso include location information relating to the location of thescanned item. Such information may be used, for example, in determiningwhether an item is in a showroom or in a stock/storage area. In otheraspects, the location information may be used to determine where an itemis located in said area. Location information for a scanned item may bedetermined based on the location of the user device when the item isscanned. The location of the user device may be manually input (e.g., bya user's interaction with a user interface of the user device),automatically obtained using one or more components of the user device(e.g., GPS), or determined based on a scanned location tag. Once theuser device's location is known, an item's gross location may bedetermined to be the location of the user device (e.g., in a showroom orin a stockroom), or the item's fine location may be determined based oninformation known to the user device (e.g., using the user device'slocation, a line of bearing, and signal strength from the RFID tag).

Following the communication of the scan data to the one or more backendcomputing systems, enriched product information may be published to theuser device by the backend computing systems using a second IoT topic.By providing feedback to the user device being used to complete theinventory, an employee using the user device will be empowered withnear-real-time information regarding which items have been scanned andwhich items have yet to be scanned.

In order to further decrease the time necessary for performing aninventory, a team scanning system may be used. In such a system, ascanning session may be initiated by a first user device, the creationof the scanning session may be broadcast to a second user device, andthe second user device may be permitted to join the scanning session. Aspart of initiating the first session, a first IoT topic may be assignedto all scan data to be passed to the one or more backend computingsystems during the scanning session. That is, after a first user devicereceives scan data for a first distinct RFID tag and a second userdevice receives scan data for a second distinct RFID tag, each of thefirst and second user devices may communicate item identification codes(IICs) corresponding to their respective scans to the one or morebackend computing systems using the first IoT topic. An inventory listor record may be created and maintained by the one or more backendcomputing systems and communicated to every user device participating inthe scan session so that each user device has visibility as to whichitems have been scanned and which have yet to be scanned. Thecommunicated IICs may be appended to a session inventory list, which maybe communicated back to the user device of each of the first and secondemployee. When either employee scans an RFID tag that has not beenscanned in the first session, according to the session inventory list, auser-perceivable feedback (e.g., an audible or tactile indication) maybe provided, signaling to the user of the user device that new items,and thus new IICs, are still being detected. In this way, multipleemployees may simultaneously contribute to the completion of a singleinventory session.

In order to provide the granularity of information desired by businessesand customers, each RFID tag may be configured to communicate particularinformation. For example, if a business wishes to track each serializedproduct individually, the RFID may be configured to communicate aSerialized Global Trade Identification Number (SGTIN) or ElectronicProduct Code (EPC) to the scanning device. In aspects, if a businessdesires less granular inventory data, such as a quantity of a particulartype of product that is in stock, the RFID may be configured tocommunicate a Global Trade Identification Number (GTIN) or UniversalProduct Code (UPC). For example, using a GTIN, a business may determinethat it has one pair of quarterback shoulder pads in stock (withoutregard to its condition). The customer may be seeking any pair of saidshoulder pads and visit the store based on known availability. Usingmore granular information, such as an SGTIN, a business may perform acomplete inventory and determine that it has one pair of usedquarterback shoulder pads in stock, but none “new in box.” In thisexample, a customer may be searching for only new-condition pads and optnot to visit the store. In either example, it may be determined that theshoulder pad stock needs to be replenished. Thus, customers are provideda more up-to-date and informed shopping experience and various entitiesin a supply chain are enabled to make faster and better-informedlogistics decisions.

Conventional solutions have numerous shortcomings. For example,traditionally, a retailer may use an optical (e.g., 2D barcode tags)inventory system in order to complete an inventory of the items in aparticular location. Optical inventory systems require true line ofsight between a reader and the optical tag (e.g., no non-transparentbarrier may separate the reader from the optical tag). The scanningequipment must be clean, the marking must be clear and clean, and thescanner must be positioned head on. In retail locations where items arestacked and/or faced (e.g., arranged such that some inventory of an itemmay be behind a customer-facing item), a complete inventory usingoptical systems would require an employee to move each and every item tobe sure that no items are behind a customer-facing item. Because itemsmust be individually scanned (and often times moved), optical-basedinventories take a significant number of labor hours to complete.Accordingly, optical-based inventories may only be completed monthly,semi-annually, or annually, depending on the number of items in theinventory. Further, team inventories may be inefficient when employeeson the team are unaware of which items have previously been scanned.Accordingly, such optical-based inventories may be high-latency, whichmay inhibit stocking decisions and erode the customer experience. Forexample, a customer may be informed that, based on the latent inventoryand subsequent point of sale (POS) transactions, a particular item is instock at a retail location when it is not. For example, a customer maybe seeking a particular pair of running shoes in size 10. Based on thelatent inventory and subsequent POS transactions, a retailer may believeit has one pair of the shoes in stock; however, the retailer is unawarethat said pair of shoes was stolen a week prior. The customer may have anegative experience when he arrives at the retailer and discovers thatthe desired pair of shoes is not actually in stock.

Using a conventional RFID inventory system may solve some of thedifficulties associated with the optical inventory systems. For example,RFID scanners do not require a clear line of sight. However, using RFIDmay result in additional problems. RFID enables the scanning of lots ofRFID tags at once, which may increase efficiency in human operations,but may result in a vast amount of data that takes a very long time tocommunicate and process by various computing systems. Additionally, teaminventories may be difficult because teammates may not know which RFIDtags have been scanned. Whether the result of team scanning or theresult of the deluge of information produced by scanning a plurality ofRFID tags, RFID inventory systems may experience significantduplication, and thus be inaccurate. That is, even though conventionalRFID technology may expedite human operations, the associated computeroperations may still suffer from inefficiency and high latency (e.g.,due to the significant amount of data and the high bandwidth needed forcommunications), and the data may be inaccurate.

Aspects of the technology described herein solve the problems describedabove by facilitating the collection and maintenance of granular,low-latency inventory data. The latency of inventory data may be reducedin a number of ways. First, RFID technology may be leveraged to quicklyscan all inventory items in a matter of hours (as opposed to hundreds ofhours using optical scanning technology). Then, the vast amount of dataprovided by the RFID tags may be filtered down to the specific dataneeded for a particular inventory application before being communicatedto backend computing systems. This filtering reduces the amount of datathat is communicated between user devices and backend systems, thusrequiring less bandwidth and making communications faster and moreefficient. And as described above, the type of data and amount of datathat is communicated may be tailored to particular inventoryapplications. For example, less data may be needed to provide an “instock”/“out of stock” assessment, while more data may be needed to trackeach individual item of inventory. Thus, aspects hereof communicate onlyas much information as is needed for particular inventory applications,thereby optimizing the efficiency of communications.

The technology described herein also provides improved efficiency andstreamlined communications by leveraging aspects of the IoTarchitecture. As described above, IoT protocols, such as the MQTTprotocol, are an efficient means for communicating limited informationin low-bandwidth applications. Additionally, sending all aggregated scandata collected by user devices to a single IoT topic for the backendcomputing systems streamlines communications, particularly when multipleuser devices are participating in a scan session. Furthermore, utilizingtwo different IoT topics for subscribed and published information avoidsconfusion between information flowing from the user devices to thebackend computing systems and information flowing in the oppositedirection.

Aspects of the technology described herein also facilitate teaminventory efforts, thus making inventory counts even faster and moreefficient. For example, the IoT architecture is leveraged to streamlinecommunications between multiple user devices and backend computingsystems. Additionally, the backend computing systems reconcile the datareceived from multiple user devices and provide comprehensive inventorydata back to each user device, thus ensuring that each user device has acurrent inventory picture that is derived from the data collected by alluser devices. User devices are provided near-real-time feedbackregarding which items have not yet been scanned, thus making it easierfor multiple employees to collaborate on the inventory count.

Additionally, the technology described herein provides not only for thecollection and maintenance of granular, low-latency inventory datathroughout a supply chain network, but also for leveraging such data toenhance a consumer's shopping experience. As illustrated by the examplesabove, this data enables an entity, such as a manufacturer, toaccurately inform a consumer whether a desired item is in stock at aparticular retail location at a particular time. The data also enablesretail stores to serve customers more quickly and efficiently (e.g., byquickly telling a customer whether a particular style, size, and coloris in stock, either on the sales floor or in the stockroom), thusenhancing a customer's in-store experience. For example, the inventorydata communicated to employee devices may be supplemented with enrichedproduct data (e.g., style, size, color) to provide a user-friendlypicture of a store's inventory. The granular, low-latency inventory dataalso allows a manufacturer to improve its inventory management andoverall operations, which ultimately results in an improved customerexperience.

Accordingly, aspects of the technology described herein provide for animproved inventory tracking system using RFID. The efficiency andaccuracy of completing an inventory may be significantly increased byfiltering erroneous and/or duplicate data. Further efficiency gains maybe achieved through the ability of multiple user devices to join asingle scanning session and communicate their scanned data using acommon IoT topic. Users of the user devices may be provided enrichedproduct feedback that, via a GUI, provides increased situationalawareness during the scanning session. The numerous improvements toinventory tracking may satisfy the need to provide low-latency inventorysolutions that are beneficial to businesses and consumers.

Having briefly described an overview of aspects of the technologydescribed herein, an example operating environment suitable for use inimplementing the technology is now described. With reference to FIG. 1,a block diagram is provided showing an example operating environment 100in which some aspects of the present disclosure may be employed. Itshould be understood that this and other arrangements described hereinare set forth only as examples. Other arrangements and elements (e.g.,machines, interfaces, functions, orders, and groupings of functions,etc.) can be used in addition to or instead of those shown, and someelements may be omitted altogether for the sake of clarity. Further,many of the elements described herein are functional entities that maybe implemented as discrete or distributed components or in conjunctionwith other components, and in any suitable combination and location.Various functions described herein as being performed by one or moreentities may be carried out by hardware, firmware, and/or software. Forinstance, some functions may be carried out by a processor executinginstructions stored in memory.

Among other components not shown, example operating environment 100includes a number of user devices, such as user devices 102 a and 102 bthrough 102 n; a number of data sources, such as data sources 104 a and104 b through 104 n; server 106; sensors 103 a and 107, and network 110.It should be understood that operating environment 100 shown in FIG. 1is an example of one suitable operating environment. Each of thecomponents shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented via any type of computingdevice, such as computing device 900 described in connection to FIG. 9,for example. These components may communicate with each other vianetwork 110, which may include, without limitation, one or more localarea networks (LANs) and/or wide area networks (WANs). In exemplaryimplementations, network 110 comprises the Internet and/or a cellularnetwork, amongst any of a variety of possible public and/or privatenetworks.

It should be understood that any number of user devices, servers, anddata sources may be employed within operating environment 100 within thescope of the present disclosure. Each may comprise a single device ormultiple devices cooperating in a distributed environment. For instance,server 106 may be provided via multiple devices arranged in adistributed environment that collectively provide the functionalitydescribed herein. Additionally, other components not shown may also beincluded within the distributed environment.

User devices 102 a and 102 b through 102 n may be client devices on theclient-side of operating environment 100, while server 106 may be on theserver-side of operating environment 100. Server 106 can compriseserver-side software designed to work in conjunction with client-sidesoftware on user devices 102 a and 102 b through 102 n so as toimplement any combination of the features and functionalities discussedin the present disclosure. This division of operating environment 100 isprovided to illustrate one example of a suitable environment, and thereis no requirement for each implementation that any combination of server106 and user devices 102 a and 102 b through 102 n remain as separateentities.

User devices 102 a and 102 b through 102 n may comprise any type ofcomputing device capable of use by a user. For example, in one aspect,user devices 102 a through 102 n may be the type of computing devicedescribed in relation to FIG. 10 herein. By way of example and notlimitation, a user device may be implemented as a personal computer(PC), a laptop computer, a mobile or mobile device, a smartphone, atablet computer, a smart watch, a wearable computer, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), an MP3 player, a global positioning system (GPS) ordevice, a video player, a handheld communications device, a gamingdevice or system, an entertainment system, a vehicle computer system, anembedded system controller, a camera, a remote control, a bar codescanner, a computerized measuring device, an appliance, a consumerelectronic device, a workstation, or any combination of these delineateddevices, or any other suitable device.

Data sources 104 a and 104 b through 104 n may comprise data sourcesand/or data systems, which are configured to make data available to anyof the various constituents of operating environment 100, or system 200described in connection to FIG. 2. Data sources 104 a and 104 b through104 n may be discrete from user devices 102 a and 102 b through 102 nand server 106 or may be incorporated and/or integrated into at leastone of those components. In one embodiment, one or more of data sources104 a through 104 n comprise one or more sensors, which may beintegrated into or associated with one or more of the user device(s) 102a, 102 b, or 102 n or server 106.

Operating environment 100 can be utilized to implement one or more ofthe components of system 200, described in FIG. 2, including componentsassociated with the user device 222 a, IOT communications manager 230,scan session manager 240, analytics engine 250, update message generator270, and customer device 280. Referring now to FIG. 2, with FIG. 1, ablock diagram is provided showing aspects of an example computing systemarchitecture suitable for implementing an aspect and designatedgenerally as system 200. System 200 represents only one example of asuitable computing system architecture. Other arrangements and elementscan be used in addition to or instead of those shown, and some elementsmay be omitted altogether for the sake of clarity. Further, as withoperating environment 100, many of the elements described herein arefunctional entities that may be implemented as discrete or distributedcomponents or in conjunction with other components, and in any suitablecombination and location. Further, though each element is describedherein as a discrete functional entity, any one or more of said entitiesmay be collocated and/or performed by a shared processor executingmultiple processes.

Example system 200 includes a user device 222 a, IOT communicationsmanager 230, scan session manager 240, analytics engine 250, updatemessage generator 270, and customer device 280, each of which may beimplemented via any type or number of computing devices, such ascomputing device 900 described in connection with FIG. 9, or userdevices 102 a through 102 n or server 106 described in connection withFIG. 1. For example, user device 222 a through 222 n and customer device280 may each correspond to one or more of user devices 102 a through 102n. As used herein, the term “backend computing device(s)” may be used tocollectively refer to any one or more of the IOT communications manager230, scan session manager 240, analytics engine 250, update messagegenerator 270. As such, any one or more backend computing devices maycorrespond to one or more of user device 102 a through 102 n or server106. Storage 260 may comprise memory, a computer data store, database,cloud-/distributed-storage, or the like, and may correspond to one ormore data sources such as data source 104 a. In one aspect, storage 260or a portion thereof may be implemented using a distributed ledger, suchas a blockchain. As mentioned above, any one or more of the user device222 a, IOT communications manager 230, scan session manager 240,analytics engine 250, and update message generator 270 may be part ofthe same computing device or computing system. In other words, asdescribed with respect to FIG. 1, each component depicted in FIG. 2 maycomprise a single device or multiple devices cooperating in adistributed environment. Each of the user device 222 a, IOTcommunications manager 230, scan session manager 240, analytics engine250, and update message generator 270 may include, running thereon, oneor more computing software applications or apps that facilitateperformance of the operations described herein in connection with thesedevices. The components depicted in FIG. 2 are communicatively coupledvia one or more networks, such as network 110 described with respect toFIG. 1. For example, the components may be coupled via the Internet, acellular or wireless communications network, a private network, avirtual private network (VPN), a virtual private cloud (VPC) network,any other network, or any combination of the foregoing. Furthermore,although the lines in FIG. 2 indicate that certain components arecommunicatively coupled to one another, it is understood that theselines are non-limiting. For example, the IOT communications manager 230may be communicatively coupled with the scan session manager 240.

System 200 is associated with inventory tracking using RFID. In oneaspect, the system 200 may be implemented by a retailer, such as aretailer of shoes. The retailer may have a number of different types ofshoes in different sizes and colors, for example, available for displayat a retail location for potential customers. The retailer may furtherhave a stock of various shoes in a stockroom, which, until accessed byan employee of the retailer, may not be readily available to thepotential customers. As mentioned above, in one aspect, it is importantfor the retailer to know which shoes are on display; in a second aspect,it is important for the retailer to know how many of each shoe is instock. Further, it is important for potential customers to know that aparticular shoe is available at a particular retail location in order toprevent the trial and error approach that can dissuade potentialcustomers from soliciting brick-and-mortar retail locations.Accordingly, the system 200 provides for an improved low-latencyinventory tracking system that facilitates more efficient retaillogistics for the retailer and an improved shopping experience for thecustomer.

The system 200 may be said to comprise a user device 222 a. User device222 a may correspond to a user device, such as user device 102 a ofFIG. 1. In one aspect, the user device 222 a may be a mobile device,such as a smart phone, tablet, laptop computer, or the like, executingone or more applications or apps thereon. To begin to use the system200, the user device 222 a may locally initiate a first scanningsession. In other aspects, the user device 222 a may provide anindication to the one or more backend computing devices, such as thescan session manager 240, that the user device 222 a wishes to have afirst scanning session initiated. Whether the first scanning session isinitiated by the user device 222 a or one or more of the backendcomputing devices, concurrent with the creation of the scanning session,a first IoT topic will be assigned to subscribed messages (messages fromthe user device to the one or more backend computing devices)communicated during the scanning session, and a second IoT topic will beassigned to published messages (messages from the one or more backendcomputing components to a user device in the scanning session), whereinthe first IoT topic is different than the second IoT topic.

The user device 222 a may be coupled to a scanner 224 a. In someaspects, the user device 222 a may be communicatively coupled to thescanner 224 a; in other aspects, the user device 222 a may be physicallycoupled to the scanner 224 a, or the user device 222 a and the scanner224 a may be a single device. The scanner 224 a may be any devicecapable of providing RFID scan data to the user device 222 a. That is,the scanner 224 a may propagate an RF signal that is used to activate apassive RFID tag, triggering the return of RFID scan data therefrom. Inother aspects, the scanner 224 a may comprise one or more receiveelements configured to receive RFID scan data transmitted from an activeRFID tag The scanner 224 a may comprise one or more antennas that may beused by the scanner 224 a to determine a line of bearing between a readRFID tag and the scanner 224 a. The scanner 224 a may also use the oneor more antennas to determine a signal strength of the RFID scan data,which may be used by either the scanner 224 a or the user device 222 ato estimate a distance between the scanner 224 a and the read RFID tag.As seen in FIG. 2, the system 200 may comprise a single user device 222a and a single scanner 224 a, or a plurality of user devices 222 athrough 222 n and an equivalent number of scanners 224 a through 224 n.

The user device 222 a may be configured to determine and associatelocation information with information about an item communicated to theone or more backend computing devices. In one aspect, a device locationmay be determined manually by providing a prompt or selectable option ona user interface of the user device 222. In another aspect, the devicelocation information may be determined automatically using components orcapabilities of the user device 222 a and/or the scanner 224 a (e.g.,location provided by a GPS component or triangulation based on signalsreceived from known locations). In yet other aspects, the devicelocation may be determined semi-automatically by using the scanner 224 ato scan a location RFID tag, wherein the location RFID tag is associatedwith a location known to the system 200 or the user device 222 a. Devicelocation information may be any degree of course or fine. For example, acoarse location may be a high-level location, such as stockroom vs.showroom or warehouse vs. in transit. A fine, or finer, location may bea more specific location, such as “Nike Men's Basketball Shoes” or“Women's Running Shoes.”

Once the device location is determined, it may be communicated to one ormore of the backend computing devices, such as the IoT communicationsmanager 230, along with information that identifies the item based onthe RFID scan data. In some aspects, an item location may be determinedbased on any one or more relationships between a location RFID tag andan item RFID tag. The relationship may be positional, that is, thescanner 224 a may communicate to the user device 222 a that a locationRFID tag has been detected within a threshold proximity to an item RFIDtag. For example, the location RFID tag may be detected as having anazimuth of 019 degrees relative and an elevation of +10 degrees and anitem RFID tag has been detected having an azimuth of 020 degreesrelative and an elevation of +12 degrees. If the 1 degree difference inazimuth and 2 degree difference in elevation is within the predeterminedthreshold, the item associated with the item RFID tag may be determinedto have the location of the location RFID tag. The relationship may betemporal. That is, a location could be assigned to an item associatedwith an item RFID tag when it is scanned within a predeterminedthreshold amount of time of the location RFID tag being scanned. Forexample, a location RFID tag may be scanned at 4 seconds before the itemRFID tag is scanned. Based on that amount of time being less than thepredetermined threshold, it may be determined that the item associatedwith the item RFID tag is located at the location associated with thelocation RFID tag. The relationship may also be based, at least in part,on one or more characteristics of the reply from each of a location RFIDtag and an item RFID tag. For example, a signal strength of therespective replies could indicate that the location RFID tag and theitem RFID tag are at a similar range from the scanner 224 a (based onthe reply signal strengths being within a predetermined threshold, e.g.,10% or 5 dbm).

The user device 222 a may convert RFID scan data provided by the scanner224 a into a set of IICs, wherein the set of IICs may comprise one ormore IICs. As used herein, RFID scan data may refer to any code, number,sequence, or the like, configured to be provided by an RFID tag (whetherfrom a passive RFID tag, in response to being activated by the scanner224 a, or from an active RFID tag). Non-limiting examples of RFID scandata include a Global Trade Identification Number (GTIN), a SerializedGTIN (SGTIN), Electronic Product Code (EPC), or the like. An IIC may beany code, number, sequence, or the like, for positively identifying aparticular item at a predetermined level of granularity. Using theexample of the shoe retailer, a unique IIC may correspond to Air Jordansgenerally, size 10 Air Jordans, or red size 10 Air Jordans. In oneexample, the scanner 224 a may scan an RFID tag and receive a responsefrom the RFID tag comprising RFFID scan data comprising a sequence of123456654321, which may be a 12 digit GTIN. The scanner 224 a maycommunicate the RFID scan data to the user device 222 a, at which pointthe user device 222 a may perform filtering operations using said RFIDscan data.

The user device 222 a may perform different filtering operationsdepending on what type of inventory operation is being conducted. Asmentioned above, the inventory system 200 may be used to carry out abinary inventory or a complete inventory, for example. When used tocarry out a complete inventory, the system 200 may be attempting to knowhow many of a particular item are present at a particular location. Acomplete inventory may be useful for a retailer in determining how manycopies of a particular IIC are available in a stockroom. Thatinformation may be of particular value when making ordering/purchasingdecisions. When used to carry out a binary inventory, the system 200only cares to know whether or not a particular item is present at aparticular location. A binary inventory may be useful for retailers toefficiently utilize showroom space. In other words, a retailer may notdesire to have multiple copies of the same item taking up limitedshowroom space. The binary inventory may also be useful for customersthat are trying to determine whether or not the particular item is instock at the retail location, which may be dispositive in the decisionof whether or not they should visit the retail location on a quest topurchase said particular item.

When the system 200 is used to perform complete inventory operations,the user device 222 a may filter RFID scan data by de-duplicating areceived first plurality of RFID scan data. Deduplication (aka deduping)is used to prevent a single RFID tag from being counted twice. Inaspects where a complete inventory is desired, the RFID tag coupled toeach discrete item should reply to the scanner 224 a with unique RFIDscan data. In order to do this, each item RFID tag should be configuredto provide sufficient detail. In aspects, this may be achieved byconfiguring each item RFID tag to reply with an SGTIN or EPC upon beingqueried by the scanner 224 a. In one aspect, the scanner 224 a mayprovide deduping filtering by only communicating a first RFID scan datato the user device 222 a once per scanning session, wherein the firstRFID scan data is associated with a first item RFID tag. For example, ifthe scanner 224 a propagates a query once every second, it is verylikely that the query from the scanner 224 a will trigger a reply fromthe first item RFID tag multiple times (i.e., before the first item RFIDtag is no longer within the propagation pattern of the scanner's 224 atransmitting and/or receiving antenna(s)). By deduping the RFID scandata, the first item RFID tag is only counted one time, instead of oncefor every time a reply from said tag is received by the scanner 224 a.In another aspect, the scanner 224 a may communicate all received RFIDscan data to the user device 222 a (i.e., the first RFID scan data maybe communicated to the user device 222 a multiple times in a singlescanning session). In such an aspect, the user device 222 a may performdeduping of the communicated RFID scan data in the same manner describedabove.

When the system 200 is used to perform binary inventory operations, theuser device 222 a may filter RFID scan data by filtering out similarRFID scan data from different item RFID tags, in addition to performingdeduping. In such an aspect, a second item RFID scan data may befiltered out if it is determined that a second item correlating to thesecond item RFID scan data has the same item IIC as a first itemcorrelating to a first item RFID scan data. Because an item code mayonly be counted once, regardless of how many copies are scanned, itemRFID tags may be configured to comprise a GTIN, SGTIN, EPC, SKU, UPC, orthe like. For example, during a binary inventory scanning session, auser device 222 a may receive a first RFID scan data for a red pair ofsize 10 Nike Air Jordans and a second RFID scan data for a black pair ofsize 10 Nike Air Jordans. In this example, the retailer may havespecified that the desired granularity for unique IICs is a make, model,and size. Accordingly, the user device 222 a may determine that the redpair of Air Jordans and the black pair of Air Jordans have the same IICand the user device 222 a may filter out the second RFID scan data,yielding an outcome where the retailer is provided with information thatat least one pair of size 10 Nike Air Jordans are in a particularlocation.

In addition to filtering RFID scan data, the user device 222 a mayprovide an aggregation function. Upon receiving a first IIC for a firstitem, the user device 222 a may determine a product identifiercorresponding to the first IIC. For example, the IIC may be a code,sequence, or number, and the user device 222 a may determine that theIIC equates to a product name (e.g., IIC 1234554321 may equate to size10 Nike Air Jordans). The user device 222 a may then create anaggregated product identifier comprising the product identifier and thefirst IIC, which may be communicated to the one or more backend serversin a first message, using the first IoT topic.

Subsequent to filtering the received plurality of RFID scan data orsubsequent to the filtering and aggregating, the user device 222 a maycommunicate the first message comprising a first group of one or moreIICs to one or more backend computing devices. Because the first messagemay be sent at some time period after a previous message or before asecond message, the first message may comprise multiple IICs that havebeen filtered by the user device 222 a since the last message. Once thefirst message has been generated, it may be sent to the IoTcommunications manager 230 according to an IoT protocol, such as MQTT,using the first IoT topic.

The IoT communications manager 230 may communicate the first message tothe analytics engine 250. The analytics engine 250 may comprise one ormore functional components that receive and/or generate a scanned itemslist, compare the scanned item list to an inventory record 262, andreconcile the scanned items list and the inventory record 262 to updatethe inventory record 262. In aspects, the inventory record 262 may beone or more records that correspond to one or more sessions and/or atone or more locations. In one aspect, the analytics engine may createthe scanned items list by combining a first set of IICs communicated bya first user device and a second set of IICs communicated by either thefirst user device or a second user device that has joined the scanningsession. For example, if the first user device communicates a first IICamong the first set of IICs and the second user device communicates asecond IIC among the second set of IICs, the analytics engine 250 maycreate a scanned item list that comprises the first IIC and the secondIIC. The analytics engine 250 may also perform filtering/dedupingoperations on the first and/or second group of IICs in order to createthe scanned item list. For example, if the first user devicecommunicates a first IIC among the first set of IICs and the second userdevice also communicates the first IIC among the second set of IICs(this could happen if the first IIC is identified by the second userdevice before the first IIC has been communicated to the one or morebackend computing devices from the first user device and/or before theinventory record has been communicated to the second user devicecomprising the first IIC.) In another aspect, the analytics engine 250may apply a filter to the first and/or second group of IICs to targetspecific information (e.g., it may be desirable to only perform aninventory for products related to basketball) according to one or morerules 268 accessed on storage 260. In any aspect, the scanned item listmay then be compared to an inventory record 262 obtained from storage260. As described previously, in one aspect, at least some portions ofstorage 260 may be implemented on a distributed ledger, such as ablockchain. Accordingly, inventory record 262 may be stored on adistributed ledger, which may comprise a public or private blockchainsystem. In the event that the scanned items list comprises the veryfirst group of IICs communicated to the one or more backend computingdevices, the scanned item list may be used to create a new inventoryrecord 262, the inventory record 262 being the running tabulation offiltered and/or aggregated IICs communicated to the one or more backendcomputing devices. By comparing the scanned items list to the inventoryrecord 262, the analytics engine 250 may identify IICs that have beencommunicated for the first time during the scanning session, reconcilethe two, and update the inventory record 262.

The analytics engine 250 may additionally or alternatively create one ormore comparative inventory reports. The analytics engine 250 may obtainan inventory record 262 from one or more locations of storage 260 inorder to compare a first inventory at a first location to a secondinventory at a second location, wherein the first location is differentfrom the second location. The comparative inventory report may be storedon storage 260 for subsequent access and/or may be communicated to auser device, such as user device 222 a. For example, a first inventorymay be performed in a first scanning session, wherein the scanningsession is specific to the storeroom/stockroom/back of a store. Aseparate second inventory may be performed in a second scanning session,wherein the scanning session is specific to the showroom/displayarea/front of the store. A comparative inventory report may be generatedusing the first and the second inventories that identifies items thatare in stock (i.e., available in the back of the store) but are not ondisplay (i.e., not available in the front of the store). Saidcomparative inventory report may be communicated to a user device, suchas the user device 222 a, or a notification may be provided to the userdevice that specifically identifies a list of one or more items thatneed to be stocked in the front of the store, based on the comparativeinventory report.

Once the inventory record 262 has been created or updated by theanalytics engine 250, the update message generator 270 may enrich and/orcommunicate the inventory record 262 to the user devices in the scanningsession, via the IoT communications manager 230. The update messagegenerator 270 may include an enrichment component that may enrich thefeedback provided to the user device(s) in the scanning session byappending the inventory record 262 with additional item information 266obtained from storage 260. For example, the enrichment component mayobtain item information 266 specific to an item of the inventory record262 that comprises an image/representation, description, or otherinformation relating to the item beyond the item name and IIC. If theupdate message generator 270 performs the enrichment function, theenriched item information may be communicated to the user device(s) ofthe scanning session via the message generator component. If theenriched item information component is not utilized, the update messagegenerator 270 may communicate the inventory record 262 to the userdevice(s) of the scanning session via the IoT communications manager230, according to an IoT protocol such as MQTT, using the second IoTtopic. For example, in a team scanning session where each of a firstuser device and a second user device are performing inventory scans onthe same, first session, the IoT communications manager 230 willcommunicate the entire inventory record to each of the first and seconduser devices using the second IoT topic, regardless of whether theindividual entries on the inventory record 262 originated from the firstuser device or the second user device.

The user device 222 a and any other user devices that have joined thescanning session receives the inventory record 262 and utilizes itduring the scanning session and/or during a subsequent scanning sessionto perform filtering operations, including any filtering operationdiscussed herein (e.g., comparing new RFID scan data and/or a new IICagainst the inventory record 262 to determine whether a particularitem/IIC is new or had been previously scanned). In one example, theuser device 222 a may be said to be a first user device, and a seconduser device 222 n may have joined the scanning session. In addition toperforming the functions previously described with respect to the userdevice 222 a, the second user device 222 n may be configured todetermine a second set of IICs from a second plurality of RFID scan dataand filter the second plurality of RFID scan data to filter out any IICspreviously scanned by the first user device and communicated to thesecond user device in the inventory record 262. For example, the seconduser device may be informed by the one or more backend computing devicesthat a first IIC has been identified based on RFID scan data processedby a different user device of the scan session or by the same userdevice at an earlier time in the scan session. If the second user deviceidentifies that the second set of IICs comprises the first IIC, thesecond user device may ignore (i.e., filter out, not include, or notuse) the first IIC and/or a portion of the second plurality of RFID scandata corresponding to the first IIC. In some aspects, the user device222 a may provide perceptible feedback to a user associated with theuser device 222 a when an RFID scan data is new, relative to theinventory record 262, that is, when the user device 222 a determinesthat an IIC should not be ignored/filtered as described above. Thefeedback may be auditory (e.g., a beep), visual (e.g., a newly scannedIIC is displayed on the user interface, tactile (e.g., a vibration), orthe like. In this way, a user performing the inventory can determinewhether there continues to be new RFID tags to scan or if all RFID tagshave already been communicated and added to the inventory record 262.

In some aspects, the system 200 may further be said to comprise at leastone customer device 280. The customer device 280 may be associated witha prospective or actual customer, who would like to determine whether aparticular item is available (i.e., on display or in stock) at aparticular location. In one aspect, the customer device 280 may querystorage 260 and receive the inventory record 262 in response. In anotheraspect, the customer device may query storage 260 to determine if aspecific item is available at a particular location. In response,storage 260 may query the inventory record 262 to search for theparticular item and return relevant inventory results therefor. Locationinformation may be communicated to the customer device 280 at a varietyof levels; for example, the location information may inform the customerthat the desired item is available at Shoe World, located at 123 MainSt, it may inform the customer whether the desired item is on display orjust in stock (useful if a customer wishes to interact with a display ofthe item prior to making a purchase decision), or it may inform thecustomer that it is in stock available at shelf location A21, located inbay 2 of aisle 5. Regardless of the granularity of location informationprovided to the customer device, the customer is provided with animproved low-latency inventory status that may encourage patronage orimprove the customer experience. An example is depicted in FIG. 8, wherea prospective customer may be seen using a mobile device (e.g., customerdevice 280) to determine where a particular item (red Nike Air Jordan,size 10) may be obtained. The mobile device may use an app, such as anapp affiliated with a manufacturer or retailer, to query any one or morecomponents of system 200, such as the inventory record 262 on storage260, to determine if the particular item is located at a certainlocation or to determine the nearest available location. In the example,the mobile device may receive an indication that the particular item isavailable at the local Shoe World retail location and display acorresponding indication to the user using the manufacturer app, via thedevice's user interface. The prospective customer may visit the ShoeWorld location confident in the improved low-latency inventoryinformation and view/purchase the particular item, as illustrated. Beingarmed with improved low-latency inventory information may significantlyimprove the customer experience and convert a prospective customer intoan actual customer.

As illustrated by the examples and discussions above, various componentsmay be utilized to perform a method for RFID tracking that improves onconventional inventory management practices. In addition to theexemplary architecture of FIG. 2, FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary computingarchitecture where the components may be similar to certain componentsdiscussed above in conjunction with earlier figures.

First, exemplary aspects of a system for performing RFID tracking willbe described with reference to the exemplary architecture 300 in FIG. 3.The system 300 may be understood to be structured in a groupedarchitecture, wherein the system may be said to comprise a store group320, RFID managed cloud 330, an RFID services group 340, a storeinventory services group 350, a product information services group 360,an analytics cloud group 370, and an event subscription services group380. Though termed “groups,” each “group” may be a collection ofcomputing devices, a single computing devices with modules thereon, or amodule of one or more backend computing devices, or any combinationthereof. In an aspect, members of a group are cloud entities in a cloudarchitecture performing the functions of a client or a serverappropriately within a cloud Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. IoTarchitectures may include, for example, Amazon Web Services IoT serviceor Google Cloud IoT.

The store group 320 may correspond to a physical retail location, forexample, and may comprise one or more user devices, such as a first userdevice 322 a through an Nth user device 322 n, wherein each of the userdevices 322 comprises any one or more features of the user device 222 aof FIG. 2. The term “store” as used in the phrase “store group” is notmeant to be limiting and may be understood to include users who areemployed or contracted by a manufacturer, a retailer that is sellingitems and any of the retailer's employees or contractors, or any otherthird-party and any of the third-party's employees or contractors. Thestore group 320 may further comprise one or more scanners 324 a through324 n, wherein each scanner comprises any one or more features of thescanner to 224 a of FIG. 2. In aspects, the user device 322 a mayrequest a scanning session be initiated by communicating to scan sessioncomponent 346. In order to create the scanning session, the scan sessioncomponent 346 communicates with an event subscription computing device382 to initiate the scanning session and assign a first IoT topic forsubscription information and a second IoT topic for publicationinformation. In one aspect, a message broker in the managed cloudservice 330 supports MQTT over a WebSocket protocol, and the clientsthat employ MQTT also use the WebSocket protocol. In one aspect, a topichierarchy simply comprises Store #\SessionID\. The event subscriptionstream 384 receives the session initiation information from the eventsubscription computing device 382 and communicates it back to the userdevice 322 a via one or more backend computing devices, such as therefills component 354 of the store inventory services group 350.

Once the scanning session has been initiated, the user device 322 a mayreceive a first plurality of RFID scan data from a first scanner 324 aas discussed with respect to the user device 222 a and scanner 224 a ofFIG. 2. The user device may perform any one or more filtering oraggregation functions, as described with reference to FIG. 2, andgenerate a first message comprising a first group of one or more IICs.The user device 322 a may communicate the first message to the publishtopic component 332 according to an IoT protocol, such as MQTT, andusing the first IoT topic. The publish topic component 332 maycommunicate the first message to the business rules engine 336, which,when active, may apply any one or more backend filtering processes, suchas those discussed with respect to the analytics engine 250 of FIG. 2.For example, it may be desirable that a particular inventory be confinedto a particular topic (e.g., Men's Basketball) in order to specificallydetermine an inventory of products that may be particularly relevant toa particular business interest (e.g., when a college basketballtournament is taking place near the store). In such an example,indications of products that bind to a certain category may be processedin the scan session, and indications of other products may be ignored.In particular, in one aspect, a backend service may receive a categorydescription as a taxonomy of GTINs or as a list of interesting GTINs,and the service counts those within a subset of the taxonomy or withinthe list as binding to the product category. Whether active andcommunicating backend-filtered IICs or inactive and communicating allIICs received from the publish topic component 332, the business rulesengine 336 may store or directly communicate the group of IICs to one ormore of the analytics cloud group 370 and the scan gateway component 342of the RFID services group 340. Data from the business rules engine 336also may be persisted into a data stream 372 for in-store reports. Forexample, the data stream may comprise a Kinesis stream or Kafka stream.

The scan gateway component 342 may provide immediate feedback to theuser device(s) 322 a through 322 n or may additionally receive iteminformation from one or more storage components 362 a through 362 nassociated with an IIC of the group of IICs. In a first aspect, the scangateway component 342 may determine a scanned item list, compare thescanned item list to an existing inventory, and create a reconciledinventory record, as described with respect to any one or more featuresor components of the analytics engine 250 of FIG. 2. The reconciledinventory record may be communicated to a subscribe topic component 334,which may communicate the reconciled inventory record to any one or moreuser devices 322 a through 322 n of the store group 320 according to theMQTT protocol and using a second IoT topic. Additionally oralternatively, the scan gateway component 342 may communicate the iteminformation and/or group of IICs to an enriched scan data component 344,which may combine the item information and IIC to create enriched iteminformation, as discussed with respect to the update message generator270 of FIG. 2. The enriched item information may be communicated to thestore group 320 or any one or more user devices 322 a through 322 ntherein, using the second IoT topic or in a non-IoT formatted message,via the reports component 352 of the store inventory services group 350,to a reports component 352 of the store inventory services.

The analytics cloud group 370 may store inventory reports and provideaccess to such stored inventory reports to devices external to system300. For example, a corporate office may desire to perform stockanalytics for a particular item. The stored inventory record located inanalytic storage 374 may be queried and relevant information identifiedand communicated to the external device.

It should be noted that though the various groups of system 300 aredepicted apart, any one or more groups or components thereof may belocated remote to or in the same location as any other. In one aspect,it is conceived that the RFID managed cloud service 330 is avendor-provided group of components, devices, and or modules, such as isprovided by Amazon Web Services IoT.

Turning now to FIG. 4, an exemplary architecture for a system 400configured to perform RFID tracking in accordance with aspects herein isdepicted. The system 400 may comprise a network 410 comprising one ormore features of the network 210 of FIG. 2, an RFID cloud services group430 comprising one or more components or features of the RFID managedcloud service (or group) 330 of FIG. 3, an enrichment component 440comprising one or more components or features of the RFID services group340 of FIG. 3, an inventory server component 450 comprising any one ormore features of the store inventory services group 350 of FIG. 3, aproduct information component 460 comprising any one or more componentsor features of product information services group 360 of FIG. 3, ananalytics component 470 comprising any one or more components orfeatures of the analytics group of 370 of FIG. 3, a business rulesengine component 436 comprising one or more features of the businessrules engine 336 of FIG. 3, and an event subscription component 480comprising any one or more components or features of the eventsubscription services group 380 of FIG. 3.

The system 400 may further comprise a plurality of user devices 422 athrough 422 n, such as a first user device 422 a and a second userdevice 422 b. Each user device such as the first user device 424 a maycomprise a processor 425, an input sensor 426, a display 427, and a scanlink 428, wherein the user device 422 a may further comprise a team scanapp (or application) 423. In one aspect, the team scan app 423 isdeveloped using a dependency manager with one or more dynamic frameworksor libraries. For example, an iOS device might employ a Cocoapoddependency manager for the swift development language. As a secondexample, an Android device might employ the Kotlin programming language.The processor 425 provides processing resources for performing thefeatures of the claimed technology, such as those described with respectto system 200 of FIG. 2. The input sensor 426 may provide a means forreceiving information from the user, such as a request to initiate ascan session, a request to join an existing scan session, or an input oflocation information. The input sensor 426 may comprise a microphone forspoken inputs, a virtual keyboard for receiving text-based input, or atouchscreen for receiving touch input. The display 427 provides a meansfor communicating information from the user device 422 a to a user. Suchinformation may include information regarding a scanned item, enricheditem information, or an indication, whether audible, visual, or tactile,that new RFID scan data has been communicated to the mobile device 422a. The scan link 428 provides a bridge or means for connecting to thescanner 424 a through 424 n; for example, the first user device 422 amay be connected to a first scanner 424 a and a second user device 422 bmay be connected to a second scanner 424 b. In some aspects, the scanlink 428 may comprise a wired connection, such as a USB connection; inother aspects, the scan link may be wireless, such as via NFC,Bluetooth, or a cellular connection, or the like.

The team scan app 423 may comprise one or more components, features, ormodules for performing the RFID tracking procedures of the currentdescription. In particular, the team scan app 423 may comprise a modeselector that allows a user to select whether they desire to initiate anew scanning session, join an already existing scanning session, or whattype of inventory they wish to conduct (e.g., a binary inventory or acomplete inventory). The team scan app 423 may comprise a locationselector that allows for location to be manually selected via a promptor input. The team scan app 423 may further comprise a scan filter,which filters received scan data, and a bundler which may performaggregation operations described herein, e.g., with respect to the userdevice 222 a of FIG. 2. A messaging component may provide the means forgenerating and communicating a message comprising a first group of oneor more IICs to one or more backend computing devices. In one aspect,the messaging component implements the features of the MQTT protocol. Inone aspect, the messaging component performs the operations of aWebStream WebSocket client. A security module of the team scan app 423may provide authentication authorization and accounting services, aswell as encryption services, in particular to the messaging component,such that intercepted messages may be protected from being understood byunintended recipients. In one aspect, an authentication, authorization,and accounting library provides a jot to the security module. Thesecurity module may provide jots to the MQTT topic and the MQTT topicmay have a custom authorizer associated with it. A lambda server mayvalidate the jots that are calling against the MQTT topic.

Turning now to FIG. 5, a flow chart is provided for illustrating amethod 500 for performing the team scanning features described herein.The method 500 comprises interactions between a plurality of userdevices, a management server 580, and an inventory server 590. As usedwith respect to method 500, any one or more of the first user device 522a, the second user device 522 b, and/or the third user device 522 c mayhave any one or more components or features of the user device 222 a ofFIG. 2. The management server 580 may have any one or more components orfeatures described with any one or more backend computing devicesdiscussed with respect to the system 200 of FIG. 2, specifically, themanagement server 580 may be the scan session manager 240 of FIG. 2.

The first step 530 of method 500 comprises an indication from a firstuser device 522 a to a management server 580 that the first user device522 a desires to create a team scanning session. In response to thefirst step 530, the management server 580 may respond by creating a teamscanning session 532 and communicating that the session has been createdto the first user device 522 a. Subsequently, in steps 534 and 536, themanagement server 580 may notify each of the second user device 522 band the third user device 522 c, respectively, that the team scanningsession has been created. The second user device 522 b may join the teamscanning session at step 538 by communicating its request to join saidsession to the management server 580. In response, the management server580 may respond by accepting the second user device request to join atstep 540. The third user device 522 c may request to join the teamscanning session at step 542 by way of a request to the managementserver 580. In response to the third user device 522 c, the managementserver 580 may accept the third user device request to join step 544. Atthis point, each of the first user device 522 a, the second user device522 b, and a third user device 522 c are all participating in the teamscanning session.

At a step 546 the first user device 522 a communicates an initial reportof RFID scan data to this management server 580. Management server 580forwards the initial RFID scan data report to the inventory server 590at a step 548. At step 550, an initial report content is provided fromthe inventory server 590 to the management server 580 and step 552, 554,and 556, and the initial report content is provided to each of the thirduser device 522 c, the second user device 522 b, and the first userdevice 522 a, respectively.

In some aspects, the initial report content may comprise an inventoryrecord for the particular team scanning session, comprising any one ormore facets of the feedback provided to the user devices 222 a through222 n of system 200 in FIG. 2. Subsequent to receiving the initialreport content, and not depicted in FIG. 5, any one or more of the firstuser device 522 a, the second user device 522 b, and/or the third userdevice 522 c may communicate additional RFID scan data to the managementserver 580 and onto the inventory server 590. In response toadditionally received RFID scan data, the inventory server 590 mayprepare an inventory record in the manner described with respect to theanalytics engine 250 of system 200 in FIG. 2.

In one aspect, inventory server 590 performs aggregation of data using adatabase such as the Aurora relational database. For example, in abinary aspect, a front of store product ID list is aggregated in a firstlist and a back of store product ID list is aggregated in a second list.The database performs a difference operation between a first list and asecond list and obtains a result list of product IDs in the back ofstore that did not appear in the front of store list. This result listis enriched with product description information for each product ID andthe resultant data forms part of a comparison report.

At steps 558, 560, 562, and 564, the comparison report is communicatedfrom the inventory server 590, to the management server 580, and then onto each of the first user device 522 a, the second user device 522 b,and third user device 522 c. In this way, each of the first user device522 a, the second user device 522 b, and a third user device 522 c maybe made aware of any RFID scan data obtained from any one or more of theother user devices.

Turning now to FIG. 6, a method 600 for performing the RFID trackingdescribed herein is provided. The method 600 includes one or moreinteractions between a scanner 624 a, a user device 622 a, an eventsubscription component 680, a business engine component 636, enrichmentcomponent 640, an analytics component 670, a product informationcomponent 660, and an inventory component 650. The hand scanner 624 amay have any one or more components or features of the scanner 224 a ofFIG. 2. The user device 622 a may have any one or more components orfeatures of the user device 222 a of FIG. 2. The event subscriptioncomponent 680 may have any one or more components or features of theevent subscription services group 380 of FIG. 3. The business enginecomponent 636 may have any one or more components or features of thebusiness rules engine 336 of FIG. 3. The enrichment component 640 mayhave any one or more features or components of the RFID services group340 of FIG. 3. The analytics component 670 may have any one or morefeatures or components of the analytics cloud group 370 of FIG. 3. Theproducts information component 660 may have any one or more componentsor features of the product information services group 360 of FIG. 3.Finally, the inventory component 650 may have any one or more componentsor features of the store inventory services group 350 of FIG. 3.

At a first step 602, the user device 622 a may request a scanningsession to be initiated to the enrichment component 640. In response,the enrichment component 640 may determine, in communication with theevent subscription component 680 at a step 604, whether or not the scansession request is valid. If the session request is valid, the eventsubscription component 680 may generate a scanning session andcommunicate to the inventory component 650 that the scanning session hasbeen generated at a step 606. In response, the inventory component 650may communicate to the user device 622 a that the scanning session hasbeen created at a step 608. Once the scanning session has been created,the scanner 624 a may provide RFID scan data to the first user device622 a at step 610. The user device 622 a may perform any one or morefiltering and/or aggregation functions and communicate a first messagecomprising a first group of IIC's to the business engine component 636at step 612 according to an IoT protocol, such as MQTT, using a firstIoT topic. At step 614, the business engine component 636 may pass thefirst group of IICs to the analytics component 670 as well as to theenrichment component 640 at step 616. The enrichment component 640 mayidentify a particular item from the first group of IICs and communicatethe identified item to the product information components 660 at step617. Subsequent to the item being identified to the product informationcomponents 660, the product information components 660 may communicateenriched item information to the inventory component 650. The inventorycomponent 650 may combine the enriched item information with theinventory record and communicate such information to the business enginecomponent 636 at a step 619, using a second IOT topic. At steps 620, thebusiness engine component 636 completes the feedback loop by sending theinventory record to the user device 622 a using the second IOT topic.

Turning now to FIGS. 7A-7B, exemplary displays of a user interface of auser device 722 are provided. With respect to FIG. 7A, a first userinterface 710 represents what may be displayed to a user when noscanning session is currently ongoing. The first user interface 710comprises an indication 718 that a connected device, such as a scanner,is paired to said user device 722. The user interface 710 mayadditionally comprise an indication to start a new session 712. Byinteracting with the start new session option 712, the user device isinstructed to request the initiation of a scan session or initiate ascan session on its own as described with respect to the first userdevice 222 a and scan session manager 240 of the system 200 in FIG. 2.The first user interface 710 may additionally comprise a prompt forinputting a location 716. As discussed herein, location information maybe manually entered in response to the display of a prompt or field suchas the prompt 716. Turning now to FIG. 7B, a second user interface 720is provided, wherein the second user interface 720 may be displayed onceit is detected that a first scan session is currently ongoing inresponse to being created by a different user device. Accordingly, thesecond user interface 720 may comprise any one or more features of thefirst user interface 710 with the additional indication of a joint scansession prompt 714. By interacting with the joint scan session prompt714, the user device 722 may communicate with one or more backendcomputing devices that the user device 722 desires to join the scanningsession already in progress.

Turning now to FIG. 8, a series of exemplary interactions 800 in aretail setting are illustrated. These interactions may involve variouscomponents and/or may implement various methods discussed above.

Although the subject technology is often described herein with referenceto a business, retailer, and consumer, it is understood that thesescenarios are exemplary only. The technology described herein may beapplied to any context in which an entity desires to track a pluralityof different physical assets. It could be applied to any number of otherscenarios where it is desirable to know what physical assets are presentand which are not. For example, an airline could couple an RIFD tag to aplurality of baggage claim tags to determine whether all requiredluggage has been loaded into a cargo hold or supplied to a correctbaggage claim. Accordingly, the present technology provides solutions tosimilar problems beyond the inventory context. The technology describedherein may be used to provide for improved low-latency tracking ofphysical assets coupled to an RFID tag due to the increased efficiencyand accuracy of completing an inventory-like procedure.

Having described various implementations, an exemplary computingenvironment suitable for implementing aspects of the disclosure is nowdescribed. With reference to FIG. 9, an exemplary computing device isprovided and referred to generally as computing device 900. Thecomputing device 900 is but one example of a suitable computingenvironment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to thescope of use or functionality of aspects of the disclosure. Neithershould the computing device 900 be interpreted as having any dependencyor requirement relating to any one or combination of componentsillustrated.

Aspects of the disclosure may be described in the general context ofcomputer code or machine-useable instructions, includingcomputer-useable or computer-executable instructions, such as programmodules, being executed by a computer or other machine, such as apersonal data assistant, a smartphone, a tablet PC, or other handhelddevice. Generally, program modules, including routines, programs,objects, components, data structures, and the like, refer to code thatperforms particular tasks or implements particular abstract data types.Aspects of the disclosure may be practiced in a variety of systemconfigurations, including handheld devices, consumer electronics,general-purpose computers, more specialty computing devices, etc.Aspects of the disclosure may also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote-processing devices thatare linked through a communications network. In a distributed computingenvironment, program modules may be located in both local and remotecomputer storage media including memory storage devices.

With reference to FIG. 9, computing device 900 includes a bus 910 thatdirectly or indirectly couples the following devices: memory 912, one ormore processors 914, one or more presentation components 916, one ormore input/output (I/O) ports 918, one or more I/O components 920, andan illustrative power supply 922. Bus 910 represents what may be one ormore busses (such as an address bus, data bus, or combination thereof).Although the various blocks of FIG. 9 are shown with lines for the sakeof clarity, in reality, these blocks represent logical, not necessarilyactual, components. For example, one may consider a presentationcomponent such as a display device to be an I/O component. Also,processors have memory. The inventors hereof recognize that such is thenature of the art and reiterate that the diagram of FIG. 9 is merelyillustrative of an exemplary computing device that can be used inconnection with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.Distinction is not made between such categories as “workstation,”“server,” “laptop,” “handheld device,” etc., as all are contemplatedwithin the scope of FIG. 9 and with reference to “computing device.”

Computing device 900 typically includes a variety of computer-readablemedia. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by computing device 900 and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computerstorage media and communication media. Computer storage media includesboth volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM,ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digitalversatile disks (DVDs) or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by computing device 900.Computer storage media does not comprise signals per se. Communicationmedia typically embodies computer-readable instructions, datastructures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signalsuch as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes anyinformation delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media, such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media, such asacoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. Combinations of any ofthe above should also be included within the scope of computer-readablemedia.

Memory 912 includes computer storage media in the form of volatileand/or nonvolatile memory. The memory may be removable, non-removable,or a combination thereof. Exemplary hardware devices include solid-statememory, hard drives, optical-disc drives, etc. Computing device 900includes one or more processors 914 that read data from various entitiessuch as memory 912 or I/O components 920. Presentation component(s) 916presents data indications to a user or other device. Examples ofpresentation components may include a display device, speaker, printingcomponent, vibrating component, and the like.

The I/O ports 918 allow computing device 900 to be logically coupled toother devices, including I/O components 920, some of which may be builtin. Illustrative components include a microphone, joystick, game pad,satellite dish, scanner, printer, wireless device, etc. The I/Ocomponents 920 may provide a natural user interface (NUI) that processesair gestures, voice, or other physiological inputs generated by a user.In some instances, inputs may be transmitted to an appropriate networkelement for further processing. An NUI may implement any combination ofspeech recognition, touch and stylus recognition, facial recognition,biometric recognition, gesture recognition both on screen and adjacentto the screen, air gestures, head and eye tracking, and touchrecognition associated with displays on the computing device 900. Thecomputing device 900 may be equipped with depth cameras, such asstereoscopic camera systems, infrared camera systems, RGB camerasystems, and combinations of these, for gesture detection andrecognition. Additionally, the computing device 900 may be equipped withaccelerometers or gyroscopes that enable detection of motion. The outputof the accelerometers or gyroscopes may be provided to the display ofthe computing device 900 to render immersive augmented reality orvirtual reality.

Some implementations of computing device 900 may include one or moreradio(s) 924 (or similar wireless communication components). The radio924 transmits and receives radio or wireless communications. Thecomputing device 900 may be a wireless terminal adapted to receivecommunications and media over various wireless networks. Computingdevice 900 may communicate via wireless protocols, such as code divisionmultiple access (“CDMA”), global system for mobiles (“GSM”), or timedivision multiple access (“TDMA”), as well as others, to communicatewith other devices. The radio communications may be a short-rangeconnection, a long-range connection, or a combination of both ashort-range and a long-range wireless telecommunications connection.When we refer to “short” and “long” types of connections, we do not meanto refer to the spatial relation between two devices. Instead, we aregenerally referring to short range and long range as differentcategories, or types, of connections (i.e., a primary connection and asecondary connection). A short-range connection may include, by way ofexample and not limitation, a Wi-Fi® connection to a device (e.g.,mobile hotspot) that provides access to a wireless communicationsnetwork, such as a WLAN connection using the 802.11 protocol; aBluetooth connection to another computing device is a second example ofa short-range connection, or a near-field communication connection. Along-range connection may include a connection using, by way of exampleand not limitation, one or more of CDMA, GPRS, GSM, TDMA, and 802.16protocols.

The preceding discussions may be practically applied to any one or moreof a number of various, non-limiting use-case examples. In a firstuse-case, a prospective customer may desire to know where a particularitem may be purchased or is on display. The technologies describedherein may be used to cause relevant inventory and location informationto be obtained and displayed to the prospective customer via a userinterface of a mobile device. The low-latency inventory and locationinformation may convert the prospective customer into a customer and/orimprove the prospective customer's shopping experience.

In another use-case, a particular item may be needed in large numbersand updated inventory from a plurality of locations may be desired todetermine whether additional inventory should be staged in advance ofthe need. In an example, a basketball tournament may be expected to takeplace in a few weeks and 500 hundred regulation-sized basketballs willbe needed to meet the tournament's demand. Retailers in the vicinity ofthe tournament location may be specifically queried to determine howmany of the basketballs are available amongst them. If the number isless than 500, additional basketballs may be provided to any one or moreof the area retailers in order to meet the expected demand. In yetanother use-case, the technologies described herein may provideretailers with information regarding whether or not a particular item ison display in a showroom when in stock. For example, an inventory of astockroom may indicate that at least one pair of Air Force Ones is instock and an inventory of a showroom may indicate that no Air Force Onesare presently on display and provide a notification that at least onepair of Air Force Ones should be moved from the stockroom to theshowroom, in order that they may be viewed and/or purchased by aprospective customer.

In another use-case, a retailer may determine, by conducting aninventory of a showroom and/or stockroom, that a particular item, suchas size 10 Air Zoom shoes, may be in low stock or not in stock at all.Using the improved low-latency system provided by the technologiesdescribed herein, the retailer may proactively (low stock) or reactively(not in stock) order additional pairs of shoes in order that the shoesare more quickly or seamlessly available for purchase by a prospectivecustomer.

The following clauses represent example aspects of concepts contemplatedherein. Any one of the following clauses may be combined in a multipledependent manner to depend from one or more other clauses. Further, anycombination of dependent clauses (clauses that explicitly depend from aprevious clause) may be combined while staying within the scope ofaspects contemplated herein. The following clauses are examples and arenot limiting.

Clause 1. A system for using radio frequency identification (RFID) tomanage inventory, the system comprising a first user device, the firstuser device configured to receive a first plurality of RFID scan datafor a first scanning session, filter the first plurality of RFID scandata to determine a first set of filtered item identification codes(IICs), aggregate a plurality of the first set of filtered IICs to forma first set of IICs, generate a first message based on the first set ofIICs; and communicate, utilizing a first Internet of Things (IoT) topic,the first message to one or more backend computing devices.

Clause 2. The system of clause 1, wherein the first device is furtherconfigured to receive, from the one or more backend computing devicesand utilizing a second IoT topic, a comparative inventory messageincluding an inventory list comprising information corresponding to atleast a first IIC from the first scanning session.

Clause 3. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein theinventory message further includes enriched data describing at least oneitem corresponding to the first IIC of the first set of IICs

Clause 4. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the firstuser device is further configured to display at least a portion of thesecond message on a user interface of the first user device

Clause 5. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the systemfurther comprises a second user device configured to join the firstscanning session, receive a second plurality of RFID scan data, filterthe second plurality of RFID scan data to determine a second set offiltered IICs; aggregate a plurality of the second set of filtered IICsto form a second set of IICs; generate a second message based on thesecond set of IICs, communicate the second message to the one or morebackend computing devices using the first Internet of Things (IoT)topic, and receive, utilizing the second IoT topic, the comparativeinventory message including the inventory list, wherein the comparativeinventory list further comprises the information corresponding to thefirst IIC of the first set of IICs or information corresponding to asecond IIC from the second set of IICs, from the first scanning session.

Clause 6. The system of clause 5, wherein the second user device isfurther configured to determine the second set of IICs from the secondplurality of RFID scan data; and wherein filtering the second pluralityof RFID scan data comprises: based on a determination that a third IICis included in the first set of IICs or the second set of IICs, ignoringa portion of the plurality of RFID scan data that corresponds to thethird IIC.

Clause 7. The system of clause 6, wherein filtering the second pluralityof RFID scan data further comprises: based on a determination that afourth IIC is not included in the first set of IICs or the second set ofIICs, causing a notification to be emitted on the first user devicethereby indicating that a scanned item corresponding to the fourth IIChas not previously been scanned during the first scanning session.

Clause 8. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the firstuser device is further configured to determine the first set of IICsfrom the first plurality of RFID scan data; and wherein filtering thefirst plurality of RFID scan data comprises: from a first portion of thefirst plurality of RFID scan data, based on a determination that a firstIIC is included in the first set of IICs, ignoring a second portion ofthe first plurality of RFID scan data that corresponds to the first IIC.

Clause 9. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein thegeneration of the first message based on the first set of IICs comprisesincluding the first set of IICs in the first message, and wherein eachIIC in the first set of IICs corresponds to an item scanned from thefirst scanning session.

Clause 10. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein theaggregation comprises, for a first IIC in the first set of filteredIICs, determining a product identifier corresponding to the first IIC,and generating an aggregate product identifier comprising the productidentifier and the first IIC, wherein the first message includes theaggregate product identifier.

Clause 11. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein thesystem further comprises the one or more backend computing devices, andwherein the one or more backend computing devices are configured toreceive the first message from the first user device, utilize the firstmessage to generate an inventory message including at least acomparative inventory list comprising information corresponding to atleast a first IIC from the first set of IICs from the first scanningsession, and communicate the inventory message to the first user device.

Clause 12. The system of clause 11, wherein the one or more backendcomputing devices are further configured to generate the inventorymessage further including enriched data describing at least one itemcorresponding to the first IIC of the first set of IICs.

Clause 13. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the firstmessage further comprises a location of the first scan session.

Clause 14. The system of clause 13, wherein the location of the firstscan session is determined based on a physical location of the firstuser device, and wherein the first user device is further configured todetermine the physical location by utilizing a sensor associated withthe first user device.

Clause 15. The system of clause 13, wherein the first user device isfurther configured to receive an indication of the location of the firstscan session from a user of the first user device.

Clause 16. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the RFIDscan data comprises a Global Trade Identification Number (GTIN),Serialized GTIN (SGTIN), or Electronic Product Code (EPC).

Clause 17. The system of any of the preceding clauses, whereincommunicating the first message, utilizing a first Internet of Things(IoT) topic, comprises utilizing a Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT) protocol.

Clause 18. The system of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the firstuser device receives the first plurality of RFID scan data from a firstRFID scanner.

Clause 19. A computerized method for tracking inventory using radiofrequency identification (RFID) comprising: receiving, at a firstdevice, a first plurality of RFID scan data for a scanning session,filtering, by the first device, the first plurality of RFID scan data todetermine a first set of filtered item identification codes (IICs),aggregating a plurality of the first set of filtered IICs to form afirst set of IICs; generating a first message based on the first set ofIICs and communicating, by the first device to a second device, thefirst message using a first Internet of Things (IoT) topic.

Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein the first set of IICs aredetermined from the first plurality of RFID scan; and wherein thefiltering comprises: from a first portion of the first plurality of RFIDscan data, based on a determination that a first IIC is included in thefirst set of IICs, ignoring a second portion of the first plurality ofRFID scan data that corresponds to the first IIC.

Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 19-20, wherein the methodfurther comprises receiving, from the second device, an inventorymessage; wherein the inventory message includes a comparative inventorylist; wherein the comparative inventory list comprises at least a firstIIC from the first set of IICs; and wherein the inventory message iscommunicated to the first user device using a second IoT topic.

Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 19-21, wherein the methodfurther comprises requesting, by the first device, that the seconddevice initiate the scanning session, and wherein the first plurality ofRFID scan data is received during the scanning session.

Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 19-22, wherein the first messageis communicated from the first device to the second device using aMessage Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol.

Clause 24. A computerized system comprising: one or more computerprocessors having computer-useable instructions stored thereon that,when executed by the one or more computer processors, cause the one ormore computer processors to perform operations comprising: receiving afirst message from a first user device using a first IoT topic, thefirst message comprising a first set of item identification codes (IICs)for a first scanning session, based on the first set of IICs, creatingan inventory list for the first scanning session, causing at least theinventory list for the first scanning session to be communicated in asecond message to the first user device using a second IoT topic.

Clause 25. The system of clause 24, wherein the operations furthercomprise: subsequent to communicating the second message, receiving athird message from the first user device using the first IoT topic, thethird message comprising a second set of IICs, wherein the second set ofIICs is distinct from the first set of IICs, creating an inventoryrecord based on the first and the second sets of IICs, and causing theupdated inventory list to be communicated in a fourth message to thefirst user device using the second IoT topic.

Clause 26. The system of any of clauses 24-25, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: causing the updated inventory list to be communicatedto a second user device using the second IoT topic, wherein the seconduser device has joined the first scanning session.

Clause 27. The system of any of clauses 24-26, wherein the operationsfurther comprise initiating the first scanning session upon receiving arequest from the first user device.

Clause 28. The system of any of clauses 24-27, wherein the secondmessage is communicated to the first user device using a Message QueuingTelemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol.

Clause 29. The system of any of clauses 24-28, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: based on the first set of IICs, determining a set ofenriched data describing at least one item corresponding to an IIC ofthe first set of IICs; and causing the set of enriched data to becommunicated in the second message.

Clause 30. The system of any of clauses 24-29, wherein the operationsfurther comprise utilizing the first set of IICs to update a record on adistributed ledger associated with an item corresponding to an IIC ofthe first set of IICs.

Clause 31. The system or method of any of the preceding clauses whereina message received from the one or more backend computing devices mayinclude, in addition to the updated inventory list and/or the enricheditem information, one or more inventory reports, such as a comparativereport for a front (showroom) vs. back (storeroom) of a store.

Clause 32. The system of method of any of the preceding clauses whereina message received from the one or more backend computing devices mayinclude, in addition to the updated inventory list and/or the enricheditem information, a comparative inventory report that provides acomparison of a first inventory at a first location to a secondinventory at a second location, the first location being a differentlocation than the second location.

Clause 33. The system or method of any of the preceding clauses whereinfiltering a plurality of RFID scan data comprises: for a first RFID scandata item in the first plurality of RFID scan data, determining a firstproduct identifier corresponding RFID scan data item; searching for thefirst product identifier in a list of one or more previously determinedproduct identifiers; and including the first product identifier in thefirst set of filtered IICs when the searching determines that the firstproduct identifier is not in the list of one or more previouslydetermined product identifiers.

Many different arrangements of the various components depicted, as wellas components not shown, are possible without departing from the scopeof the claims below. Implementations of the disclosure have beendescribed with the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive.Alternative implementations will become apparent to readers of thisdisclosure after and because of reading it. Alternative means ofimplementing the aforementioned can be completed without departing fromthe scope of the claims below. Certain features and sub-combinations areof utility and may be employed without reference to other features andsub-combinations and are contemplated within the scope of the claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for using radio frequencyidentification (RFID) to manage inventory, the system comprising: afirst user device, the first user device configured to: receive a firstplurality of RFID scan data for a first scanning session; filter thefirst plurality of RFID scan data to determine a first set of filtereditem identification codes (IICs), wherein the filtering comprisesdetermining a first product identifier corresponding to a first RFIDscan data item in the first plurality of RFID scan data and searchingfor the first product identifier in a list of one or more previouslydetermined product identifiers; aggregate a plurality of the first setof filtered IICs to form a first set of IICs wherein the first set offiltered IICs comprises the first product identifier based on adetermination that the first product identifier is not in the list ofone or more previously determined product identifiers; generate a firstmessage based on the first set of IICs; and communicate, utilizing afirst Internet of Things (IoT) topic, the first message to one or morebackend computing devices.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstuser device is further configured to receive, from the one or morebackend computing devices and utilizing a second IoT topic, an inventorymessage including a comparative inventory list comprising informationcorresponding to at least a first IIC from the first set of IICs fromthe first scanning session.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein theinventory message further includes enriched data describing at least oneitem corresponding to the first IIC of the first set of IICs.
 4. Thesystem of claim 2, wherein the first user device is further configuredto display at least a portion of the inventory message on a userinterface of the first user device.
 5. The system of claim 2 furthercomprising a second user device, the second user device configured to:join the first scanning session; receive a second plurality of RFID scandata; filter the second plurality of RFID scan data to determine asecond set of filtered IICs; aggregate a plurality of the second set offiltered IICs to form a second set of IICs; generate a second messagebased on the second set of IICs; communicate the second message to theone or more backend computing devices using the first Internet of Things(IoT) topic; and receive, utilizing the second IoT topic, the inventorymessage including the comparative inventory list; wherein thecomparative inventory list further comprises the informationcorresponding to the first IIC of the first set of IICs or informationcorresponding to a second IIC from the second set of IICs, from thefirst scanning session.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the seconduser device is further configured to determine the second set of IICsfrom the second plurality of RFID scan data; and wherein filtering thesecond plurality of RFID scan data comprises: based on a determinationthat a third IIC is included in the first set of IICs or the second setof IICs, ignoring a portion of the plurality of RFID scan data thatcorresponds to the third IIC.
 7. The system of claim 6, whereinfiltering the second plurality of RFID scan data further comprises:based on a determination that a fourth IIC is not included in the firstset of IICs or the second set of IICs, causing a notification to beemitted on the first user device thereby indicating that a scanned itemcorresponding to the fourth IIC has not previously been scanned duringthe first scanning session.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstuser device is further configured to determine the first set of IICsfrom the first plurality of RFID scan data; and wherein filtering thefirst plurality of RFID scan data comprises: from a first portion of thefirst plurality of RFID scan data, based on a determination that a firstIIC is included in the first set of IICs, ignoring a second portion ofthe first plurality of RFID scan data that corresponds to the first IIC.9. The system of claim 1, wherein the generation of the first messagebased on the first set of IICs comprises including the first set of IICsin the first message, and wherein each IIC in the first set of IICscorresponds to an item scanned from the first scanning session.
 10. Thesystem of claim 1 further comprising the one or more backend computingdevices, and wherein the one or more backend computing devices areconfigured to: receive the first message from the first user device;utilize the first message to generate an inventory message including atleast a comparative inventory list comprising information correspondingto at least a first IIC from the first set of IICs from the firstscanning session; and communicate the inventory message to the firstuser device.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more backendcomputing devices are further configured to generate the inventorymessage further including enriched data describing at least one itemcorresponding to the first IIC of the first set of IICs.
 12. The systemof claim 1, wherein the first message further comprises a location ofthe first scanning session.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein thelocation of the first scanning session is determined based on a physicallocation of the first user device, and wherein the first user device isfurther configured to determine the physical location by utilizing asensor associated with the first user device.
 14. The system of claim12, wherein the first user device is further configured to receive anindication of the location of the first scanning session from a user ofthe first user device.
 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID scandata comprises a Global Trade Identification Number (GTIN), SerializedGTIN (SGTIN), or Electronic Product Code (EPC).
 16. The system of claim1, wherein communicating the first message, utilizing a first Internetof Things (IoT) topic, comprises utilizing a Message Queuing TelemetryTransport (MQTT) protocol.
 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstuser device receives the first plurality of RFID scan data from a firstRFID scanner.
 18. A computerized method for tracking inventory usingradio frequency identification (RFID) comprising: receiving, at a firstdevice, a first plurality of RFID scan data for a scanning session;filtering, by the first device, the first plurality of RFID scan data todetermine a first set of item identification codes (IICs), wherein thefiltering comprises determining a first product identifier correspondingto a first RFID scan data item in the first plurality of RFID scan dataand searching for the first product identifier in a list of one or morepreviously determined product identifiers; aggregating a plurality ofthe first set of filtered IICs to form a first set of IICs, wherein thefirst set of filtered IICs comprises the first product identifier basedon a determination that the first product identifier is not in the listof one or more previously determined product identifiers; generating afirst message based on the first set of IICs; and communicating, by thefirst device to a second device, the first message using a firstInternet of Things (IoT) topic.
 19. The computerized method of claim 18,wherein the method further comprises receiving, from the second device,an inventory message; wherein the inventory message includes acomparative inventory list; wherein the comparative inventory listcomprises at least a first IIC from the first set of IICs; and whereinthe inventory message is communicated to the first user device using asecond IoT topic.
 20. The computerized method of claim 18, wherein themethod further comprises requesting, by the first device, that thesecond device initiate the scanning session, and wherein the firstplurality of RFID scan data is received during the scanning session. 21.The computerized method of claim 18, wherein the first message iscommunicated from the first device to the second device using a MessageQueuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol.
 22. A computerized systemcomprising: one or more computer processors; and computer memory havingcomputer-useable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by theone or more computer processors, cause the one or more computerprocessors to perform operations comprising: receiving a first messagefrom a first user device using a first Internet of Things (IoT) topic,the first message comprising a first set of item identification codes(IICs) for a first scanning session; based on the first set of IICs,creating an inventory list for the first scanning session; causing atleast the inventory list for the first scanning session to becommunicated in a second message to the first user device using a secondIoT topic.
 23. The computerized system of claim 22, wherein theoperations further comprise: subsequent to communicating the secondmessage, receiving a third message from the first user device using thefirst IoT topic, the third message comprising a second set of IICs,wherein the second set of IICs is distinct from the first set of IICs;creating an inventory record based on the first and the second sets ofIICs; and causing the inventory record to be communicated in a fourthmessage to the first user device using the second IoT topic.
 24. Thecomputerized system of claim 23, wherein the operations furthercomprise: causing the inventory record to be communicated to a seconduser device using the second IoT topic, wherein the second user devicehas joined the first scanning session.
 25. The computerized system ofclaim 22, wherein the operations further comprise initiating the firstscanning session upon receiving a request from the first user device.26. The computerized system of claim 22, wherein the second message iscommunicated to the first user device using a Message Queuing TelemetryTransport (MQTT) protocol.
 27. The computerized system of claim 22,wherein the operations further comprise: based on the first set of IICs,determining a set of enriched data describing at least one itemcorresponding to an IIC of the first set of IICs; and causing the set ofenriched data to be communicated in the second message.
 28. Thecomputerized system of claim 22, wherein the operations further compriseutilizing the first set of IICs to update a record on a distributedledger associated with an item corresponding to an IIC of the first setof IICs.